Electrical4U 
What is a Nyquist Plot? A Nyquist plot is a graphical tool in control engineering and signal processing to evaluate feedback system stability. It plots the transfer function real part on the X-axis and the imaginary part on the Y-axis in Cartesian coordinates. The frequency is swept as a parameter, resulting in a plot based … Read more
Any electrical motor can function as a servo motor when controlled by a servomechanism. Specifically, a DC motor controlled this way is called a DC servo motor. Common types of DC motor include shunt wound DC motor, series DC motor, separately excited, permanent magnet DC motor, and Brushless DC motor. Typically, separately excited, permanent magnet … Read more
The primary function of an electrical circuit breaker is to open and close current-carrying contacts. Though this seems simple, a circuit breaker remains closed for most of its life. It is only occasionally operated to open or close its contacts. Therefore, circuit breakers must operate reliably without any delay. To ensure this reliability, the operating … Read more
All natural water sources contain impurities and dissolved gases. The amount of these impurities varies depending on the water source and location.Why it is necessary to treat the raw water?Raw water from various sources contains dissolved salts and suspended impurities. It’s essential to remove these harmful salts before feeding the water to the boiler.Because- Hence, … Read more
When a short circuit fault happens, a large current flows through the system, including the circuit breaker (CB). This flow, unless stopped by the CB tripping, subjects the CB parts to significant mechanical and thermal stresses. If the CB’s conducting parts lack sufficient cross-sectional area, they can overheat, which may damage the insulation. CB contacts … Read more
Now days, vacuum switchgear is getting popularity very rapidly. In medium voltage switchgear application, medium voltage vacuum switchgear ranges from 3 to 36 KV. Now days, vacuum interruption technology, in medium voltage application, dominates, air, SF6 and oil technologies. Since, vacuum circuit breaker is more safely and reliably operated where number of faulty and normal … Read more
From 3 KV to 36 KV switchgear system is categorized as medium voltage switchgear or MV switchgear. These switchgears are of many types. They may metal enclosed indoor type switchgear, metal enclosed outdoor type switchgear, outdoor type switchgear without metal enclosure, etc. The interruption medium of this switchgear may be insulating oil, SF6 gas or … Read more
In a DC machine, carbon brushes are placed at the magnetic neutral axis, which matches the geometrical neutral axis when there’s no load. When the machine is loaded, the armature flux moves along the inter-polar axis, forming a triangular wave shape. This flux, directed along the brush axis, causes cross magnetization of the main field, … Read more
High voltage switchgear is defined as equipment managing voltage above 36KV, producing high arcs during switching operations. Therefore, it requires careful design. The main component is the high voltage circuit breaker (CB), which must be reliable for safe operation, even after long periods of inactivity. High voltage circuit breaker technology has improved significantly in the … Read more
The insulating material (may be fluid or air) used in circuit breaker should serve two important functions. They are written as follows: The second point needs more explanation. To understand this point let us consider a situation if there is some fault or short circuit in the system, the relay provides desired signals to the … Read more