Electrical4U Armature windings can be classified into two types – lap windings and wave windings. Here we are going to discuss lap windings and the two main types of lap windings in DC machines. These are known as Simplex Lap Windings and Duplex Lap Windings. What is a Lap Winding? A lap winding is a winding … Read more
The feed water and steam circuit of a boiler includes key components like the economizer, boiler drums, water tubes, and super heater. Economizer Another essential component of Feed Water and Steam Circuit is Boiler Drum. Boiler Drums Boilers use two types of drums: the steam drum and the mud drum. Each has specific functions within … Read more
Laplace transformation is a technique for solving differential equations. Here differential equation of time domain form is first transformed to algebraic equation of frequency domain form. After solving the algebraic equation in frequency domain, the result then is finally transformed to time domain form to achieve the ultimate solution of the differential equation. In other … Read more
What is a Nichols Chart? A Nichols Chart (also known as a Nichols Plot) is a plot used in signal processing and control system design to determine the stability and closed-loop frequency response of a feedback system. The Nichols chart is named after its founder, Nathaniel B. Nichols. How Does A Nichols Chart Work? The … Read more
PID control, representing proportional-integral-derivative control, is a feedback mechanism in control system, often referred to as three-term control. By adjusting three parameters—the proportional, integral, and derivative values of a process variable’s deviation from its set point—specific control actions are effectively tailored. PID controllers are considered to be the best controller in the control system family. … Read more
To determine the power extracted from wind by a wind turbine, we assume an air duct model. The wind’s velocity at the inlet is V1, and at the outlet, it’s V2. We consider that mass m of the air passes through this duct each second.Now due to this mass the kinetic energy of wind at … Read more
In a separately excited DC generator, the field winding is excited by an external independent source. There are generally three most important characteristic of DC generator: Magnetic or Open Circuit Characteristic of Separately Excited DC Generator The curve which gives the relation between field current (If) and the generated voltage (E0) in the armature on … Read more
In these types of generators the field windings, armature windings and external load circuit all are connected in series as shown in figure below. Therefore, the same current flows through armature winding, field winding and the load.Let, I = Ia = Isc = ILHere, Ia = armature currentIsc = series field currentIL = load currentThere … Read more
DC generators are classified based on how their fields are excited (i.e. produced). There are three methods of excitation, and thus three main types of DC generators: Self-excited DC generators can further be classified depending on the position of their field coils. The three types of self-excited DC generators are: A portable generator is an … Read more
DC generator is that curve which gives the relation between field current and the armature terminal voltage on open circuit.When the DC generator is driven by a prime mover then an emf is induced in the armature. The generated emf in the armature is given by an expression is constant for a given machine.it is … Read more