Electrical4U 
The diversity factor is the sum of the individual maximum demands of the loads, or feeders, on a system divided by the coincident maximum demand of that whole system. Individual peaks rarely fall in the same half-hour, so the coincident peak is usually smaller than the sum. A station or feeder can then be sized … Read more
A cooling tower cools hot circulating water from a steam-turbine condenser so that water can return to the condenser. It does not cool boiler feedwater. Heat leaves mainly by evaporation as air and water meet in the fill. How Cooling Tower Works? Hot water enters the tower and is pumped to the header, which has … Read more
The schematic of a gas turbine power plant follows the Brayton cycle: a compressor, a combustor and a turbine on one or more shafts, plus a generator. This drawing also shows a regenerator and a starting motor. The main parts labelled here are the Compressor A power-station gas turbine usually uses an axial compressor. Inlet … Read more
The efficiency of Electrostatic precipitators in a thermal power plant or other power plants is the fraction of inlet dust mass collected. It depends on corona power, dust resistivity, particle size and the Deutsch-Anderson terms w, A and Q. Plants set a design efficiency from the emission limit; it is not one worldwide legal number. … Read more
Introduction of Indoor Switchgear Switchgear is a generalized term given to a unit which is a combination of protective control and metering types of equipment as a whole. Switchgear can be of different forms depending on the kind of applications such as protection of feeders, protection of motors, rail traction purposes, measurements etc. For example, … Read more
Electrostatic precipitators in thermal power plants have a known set of advantages and disadvantages. An electrostatic precipitator uses a high-intensity electric field to ionize dust particles in the air, which are then collected by oppositely charged collectors (electrodes). These dust particles are periodically removed from the collector plates by rapping or by washing on wet … Read more
DC-DC converters, often called Choppers, include the Buck converter, which steps down a higher input DC voltage to a lower specified output voltage. In continuous conduction the ideal relation is Vo = D Vin, where D is the switch duty cycle.A typical Buck converter is shown below. The input vvoltage source connects to a controllable … Read more
Power electronics focuses on converting power from one form to another and changing voltage levels using power electronic converters. The four families are DC to DC, AC to DC, DC to AC and AC to AC. Control and signal conditioning sit around those converters. The conditioning of signals is the attempt to keep input and … Read more
Applications of an op amp include inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, adders, differentiators, integrators, converters, log amps, precision rectifiers, peak detectors and comparators. A linear amplifier like an op amp has a high open loop gain, high input impedance and low output impedance. It has high common mode rejection ratio. Those traits, used with feedback, are … Read more
What are Fiber Optics Cables Used For? Fiber optic cables (also known as optical fiber cable) are network cables that contain strands of glass or plastic optical fibers. The two main types are single-mode for long-haul links and multimode for shorter indoor or campus runs in data networking and telecommunications. Signals travel as pulses of … Read more