Electrical4U 
Zener diode is basically like an ordinary PN junction diode but normally operated in reverse biased condition. But ordinary PN junction diode connected in reverse biased condition is not used as Zener diode practically. A Zener diode is a specially designed, highly doped PN junction diode. Working Principle of Zener Diode When a PN junction … Read more
What is Flux? In physics, flux is defined as any effect that seems to pass through a surface or substance, even if it doesn’t actually move. Flux can be imagined as lines through which a physical quantity travels. It is a concept in applied mathematics and vector calculus with many applications in physics. In transport … Read more
What is Transmission Line? Transmission line is the long conductor with special design (bundled) to carry bulk amount of generated power at very high voltage from one station to another as per variation of the voltage level. Types of Transmission Line In transmission line determination of voltage drop, transmission efficiency, line loss etc. are important … Read more
In the past, the demand for electrical energy was low, and a single small generating unit could meet the local needs. Now, with modern lifestyles, the demand has skyrocketed. To meet this growing demand, we need many large power plants. However, building power plants near load centers, where many consumers are, is not always economical. … Read more
To demonstrate how does a capacitor work, let us consider a most basic structure of a capacitor. It is made of two parallel conducting plates separated by a dielectric that is parallel plate capacitor. When we connect a battery (DC Voltage Source) across the capacitor, one plate (plate-I) gets attached to the positive end, and … Read more
What is a Digital Voltmeter? Voltmeter is an electrical measuring instrument used to measure the potential difference between two points. The voltage to be measured may be AC or DC. Two types of voltmeters are available for the purpose of voltage measurement i.e. analog and digital. Analog voltmeters generally contain a dial with a needle … Read more
Self Induction Self induction is a phenomenon by which a changing electric current produces an induced emf across the coil itself. Self Inductance Self inductance is the ratio of the induced emf (electromotive force) across a coil to the rate of change of current through the coil. We denote self inductance with the letter L, … Read more
A potentiometer is an instrument that measures unknown voltage by balancing it with a known voltage. This source can be either DC or AC. While both DC and AC potentiometers work similarly, the key difference is that a DC potentiometer measures only the magnitude of the unknown voltage, whereas an AC potentiometer measures both the … Read more
When a conductor moves in a magnetic field, an emf is induced across the conductor. This is the only basis on which each and every rotating electric generator works (such as portable generators). According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, when a conductor links with a changing flux, it will have an induced emf across … Read more
What is an Electric Field? An electric field is defined as the region surrounding an electrically charged object. Within this field, any other charged objects will experience an electromagnetic force. Electric field strength, also known as electric field intensity, measures the magnitude of this field. This can be observed by placing a unit positive charge … Read more