Electrical4U 
The force acting on a unit positive charge inside an electric field is termed as electric field strength or electric field intensity. Electric field strength or electric field intensity is another name for the electric field. Electric field strength can be determined from Coulomb’s law. According to this law, the force ‘F’ between two point … Read more
What is a Y Parameter? Y parameters (also known as admittance parameters or short-circuit parameters) are properties used in electrical engineering to describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks. These Y-parameters are used in Y-matrixes (admittance matrixes) to calculate the incoming and outgoing voltages and currents of a network. Y-parameters are also known as … Read more
Whenever we connect an uncharged or partly charged capacitor with a voltage source whos voltage is more than the voltage of the capacitor (in case of partly charged capacitor) it recieves charge from the source and the voltage across the capacitor rises exponentially until it becomes equal and opposite to voltage of the source. Let … Read more
What is Two Port Network? A two port network is an electrical network model with one pair of input terminals and one pair of output terminals. It is commonly used to model the voltage and current characteristics of complex electrical networks. The figure below shows a two port network. A single phase transformer is an … Read more
Overhead lines run on wooden, concrete, steel and rail poles. The choice of pole depends on load importance, location, cost and maintenance. Low-voltage lines typically carry all phases on a single pole. The main types of poles in the electrical system are: Wooden Electric Pole Wooden poles were once widely used on 400 V and … Read more
Power system stability is the capability of an interconnected network to return to its steady operating condition after a disturbance while every machine stays in synchronism. A synchronous generator tied to a grid illustrates power system stability: the generator and its connected bus share one phase sequence, voltage and frequency, so the machine runs in … Read more
An electric cable fault is a short between conductors, an earth fault from conductor to ground, or an open conductor that stops current. More than one of these faults can exist in the same cable at the same time. The 1st and 2nd faults usually start when water, moisture or another agent damages the insulation. … Read more
What is Electric Heating? Electric heating is the conversion of electrical energy into heat. Industry uses it to melt metal, mould glass, enamel copper, bake insulators and weld. Homes use it for cooking, water heating, space heating and ironing. Those jobs can be done with an electric heater. Compared with a fuel furnace, the heat … Read more
A BJT is used as a switch by setting the base-emitter current so the collector-emitter path looks open or closed. OFF is an open circuit (very high resistance). ON is a short (very low resistance). A transistor characteristic plot has three regions: In the active region IC stays nearly constant over a wide VCE. That … Read more
A field-effect transistor (FET) uses a gate voltage to control current. Common uses are analog switches, buffers, RF amplifiers, oscillators, choppers and current limiters. Analog Switches The application of FETs as analog switches follows from the channel. When VGS is zero an n-channel JFET is ON (low channel resistance, often drawn as a short) so … Read more