Full Wave Diode Rectifier

Contents

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Key learnings:

Full Wave Rectifier Definition: A full wave rectifier is defined as a device that allows current to flow through the load during the entire cycle of the input voltage, using two or more diodes.
Diode Configuration: In a full wave rectifier using diodes, each diode conducts during one half of the input voltage cycle.
Center Tapped Transformer: A center tapped transformer is used with two diodes to achieve full wave rectification, where each diode conducts during alternate halves of the cycle.
Bridge Rectifier: A bridge rectifier, made of four diodes, provides full wave rectification by ensuring the load current flows in the same direction during both halves of the input cycle.
Waveform and Parameters: The input and output voltage waveforms are fully rectified, and important parameters include the average load current (Idc) and the ripple factor.

A diode works when it is in forward bias, allowing current to flow through the p-n junction diode and producing output current across the load.
Connecting two diodes so that one conducts during the first half of the input voltage cycle and the other during the second half allows current to flow in one direction through the load for the entire input cycle.
This is known as full wave rectifier.

In a center tapped transformer, two p-n junction diodes (D₁ and D₂) conduct during different halves of the input voltage cycle, providing output voltage and current for the entire cycle.

Circuit Diagram of Full Wave Diode Rectifier

The circuit diagram of the full wave diode rectifier given below,

Full wave rectification can also be achieved using a bridge rectifier which is made of four diodes.

In a bridge rectifier, when diodes D₁ and D₃ are forward biased, they conduct, while D₂ and D₄ are reverse biased, ensuring the load current flows in the same direction.

A bridge rectifier has several advantages over a simple full wave rectifier. Its performance and efficiency are better, making it more effective.