Electrical4U What is a Dual Network? Two electrical networks are said to be dual networks if the mesh equations of one network is equal to the node equation of the other. The dual network is based on Kirchhoff Current Law and Kirchhoff Voltage Law. Applying Kirchhoff Voltage Law in the network A, above we get, Applying … Read more
Differentiator is an op amp based circuit, whose output signal is proportional to differentiation of input signal. An op amp differentiator is an inverting amplifier with a capacitor at the input terminal. The basic circuit diagram illustrates this setup. We will first assume that the op amp used here is an ideal op amp. We … Read more
The expression of the pressure difference between inside and outside of a chimney shows that it has a term which is the height of the chimney. To achieve sufficient pressure difference between two points or to attain enough natural draught we have to increase the height of the chimney which is not always practical in … Read more
A rotor is the rotating part of an electrical machine, where current is induced by a rotating magnetic field through transformer action. Induction motor rotor is of two types: Squirrel Cage Rotor In this type of rotor, the rotor winding consists of conductors, in form of copper or aluminum bars embedded in semi-closed slots of … Read more
The world is slowly but continually moving towards a greener future. There is much excitement among engineers about the prospects of greener technology. However, coal-based power plants are still the primary source of electrical power in many countries. Baring few countries in the world like Norway or Iceland, all other countries depend heavily on coal … Read more
Superconductivity was discovered by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911 in Leiden. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1913 for his low-temperature research. Some materials, when cooled below a certain temperature, lose all electrical resistance and exhibit infinite conductivity. The property / phenomenon of infinite conductivity in materials is called superconductivity. The … Read more
An operational amplifier or op amps is a linear device used for ideal DC amplification. It is fundamentally a voltage amplifying device that works with external feedback components like resistors or capacitors. An op amp has three terminals: inverting input, non-inverting input, and output. As you can see from the diagram, op amp has three … Read more
Before diving into the tuned collector oscillator, let’s understand what is an oscillator. An oscillator is an electronic circuit that generates an oscillating signal, like a sine or square wave. It converts a DC signal into an AC signal and is used in devices like TVs, clocks, radios, and computers. One of the simplest LC … Read more
A Zener diode is defined as a specially designed diodes that works mainly in reverse bias conditions. These diodes are more heavily doped than ordinary ones, giving them a narrow depletion region. Unlike regular diodes that get damaged when the voltage exceeds the reverse breakdown voltage, Zener diodes function in this region. The depletion region … Read more
Voltage sources often have fluctuations and cannot provide a fixed output. To ensure a constant and steady output, voltage regulators are used. These integrated circuits, known as voltage regulator ICs, help manage voltage. Let’s focus on the IC 7805. The 7805 voltage regulator is part of the 78xx series of voltage regulator ICs. It is … Read more