Electrical4U 
To measure water content in insulating oil, we use Karl Fischer Titration. In this method, water (H2O) reacts chemically with iodine (I2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), an organic base (C5H5N), and alcohol (CH3OH) in an organic solvent.The sample is mixed with sulfur dioxide, iodide ions, and an organic base/alcohol. Iodine is generated by electrolysis of the … Read more
Causes of Acidity in Insulating Oil The insulating oil in a transformer may occasionally come into contact with air, for example while opening any blanking or through leaks in the oil tanks or associated pipelines. Because of this contact, the oxidation reaction takes place in the transformer oil, accelerated further by temperature and by the … Read more
What is a Magnetic Field? A magnetic field is defined as a force field created by moving electric charges. It influences materials like iron and can propagate without any medium, even in a vacuum. Magnetic fields can store large amounts of energy, as can an electric field. This makes them essential in electromechanical devices like … Read more
The equal area criterion is a graphical energy test for first-swing power stability after a large disturbance. In a classical synchronous-machine power system model, it compares the rotor’s accelerating energy during the disturbance with the decelerating energy available after clearing. This is a direct transient stability method for one machine against an infinite bus or … Read more
What is Discharging a Capacitor? Discharging a capacitor means releasing the stored electrical charge. Let us look at an example of how a capacitor discharges. We connect a charged capacitor with a capacitance of C farads in series with a resistor of resistance R ohms. We then short-circuit this series combination by closing the switch.As … Read more
Voltage sources often fluctuate and cannot provide a fixed output. To obtain a constant and steady output, voltage regulators are used. These integrated circuits, known as voltage regulator ICs, manage voltage. This article focuses on the IC 7805. The 7805 voltage regulator belongs to the 78xx series of voltage regulator ICs, a family of fixed … Read more
Electric potential at a point in an electric field is defined as the amount of work to be done to bring a unit positive electric charge from infinity to that point. Similarly, the potential difference between two points is defined as the work required to bring a unit positive charge from one point to the … Read more
What is Electric Charge? Everything in the universe is made of atoms, which are electrically neutral because they have an equal number of protons and electrons. Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus with neutral neutrons. The protons are tightly bound in the nucleus. Protons cannot be separated from the nucleus … Read more
Major Parts of Wind Turbine Tower of Wind Turbine The tower supports every other part of a wind turbine. It raises the rotor high enough that the blade tips stay clear of the ground during rotation, and it must be tall enough to reach the stronger winds that blow higher above the ground. The required … Read more
What is a Voltage Sensor? A voltage sensor measures and monitors voltage levels within an object, detecting either AC or DC voltage. It takes in the voltage itself and outputs various forms such as switch states, analog voltage signals, current signals or audible signals. Sensors are devices that sense, identify and react to certain types … Read more