Electrical4U 
What is Piezoelectric Transducer A piezoelectric transducer uses the direct piezoelectric effect to convert mechanical stress into electric charge. With a suitable mechanical design and calibration, it can measure dynamic force, pressure, strain, acceleration or vibration. Temperature usually affects the reading rather than acting as the intended piezoelectric input. A transducer converts one physical quantity … Read more
What is a Source Transformation? An electrical source transformation (or just ”source transformation”) is a method for simplifying circuits by replacing a voltage source with its equivalent current source, or a current source with its equivalent voltage source. Source transformations are implemented using Thévenin’s theorem and Norton’s theorem. Source transformation can simplify linear circuit analysis … Read more
Rankine Cycle with Closed Feed Water Heaters A regenerative Rankine cycle can use closed feedwater heaters in power plants. Extraction steam condenses on one side of a surface heat exchanger, while feedwater flows separately on the other side. The streams do not mix and can remain at different pressures. The closed feed water heater arrangement … Read more
What is an Electrical Circuit? An electrical network is an interconnection of active and passive components. A circuit is a network that contains one or more closed paths. A steady Electric current requires a complete conducting path, but engineers also analyse open networks in which current is zero in a broken branch. The main parts … Read more
What is Fluorescent Lamp? A fluorescent lamp is a low-pressure mercury vapour lamp with a phosphor coating inside its glass tube. An electric current through mercury vapour produces mainly ultraviolet radiation. The phosphor absorbs this radiation and emits visible light.A fluorescent system generally uses less electrical power than incandescent lamps for the same light output. … Read more
Rankine Cycle In the basic Rankine cycle, compressed liquid enters the boiler at state 2 and is heated through a wide temperature range. Raising the feedwater temperature with heat taken from within the cycle increases the average temperature of external heat addition and can improve thermal efficiency. Regeneration Regeneration preheats the working fluid before it … Read more
Introduction of Fire Detection and Alarm System Fire detectors respond to signs such as smoke, heat or flame. A complete fire detection system may also use manual call points so a person can report a fire. The required devices depend on the adopted code, the fire risk and the approved design.The alarm system then warns … Read more
Introduction of Ammeter An ammeter measures the electric current through a circuit branch. It displays the result in amperes, the SI unit of current. Both the expected current and whether it is AC or DC determine which ammeter and range are suitable. Working Principle of Ammeter The basic principle of an ammeter is to place … Read more
A Foam Fire Protection System is a fire suppression system for hazards approved for its foam concentrate and discharge equipment. A proportioner mixes concentrate with water, then a discharge device aerates the solution to form a foam blanket that suppresses flame and fuel vapour. Back Ground of Foam Fire Protection System Straight water can spread … Read more
Magnetic Circuit A magnetic flux path through a core and any gaps forms a magnetic circuit. The magnetic field is represented by flux lines that close on themselves. A Magnetic Circuit may be driven by a permanent magnet or a coil, while a core made from ferromagnetic materials provides a low-reluctance part of the path. … Read more