Electrical4U 
The two main types of electrostatic precipitator used on electrical power and other electricity plant gas streams are dry and wet. Coal power plants still use them widely, though coal is not the only fuel mix and a baghouse is another common particulate control. An Electrostatic precipitator charges particles in a flowing gas and collects … Read more
What Does an Economizer Do in a Boiler A boiler economizer (also called an economizer) is a heat exchanger in the flue-gas path. It takes remaining enthalpy from gas that has already left the evaporator and puts that heat into the incoming feedwater. The steam boiler’s furnace then burns less fuel to raise the same … Read more
In an electrical or electronic plant an Annunciator is a panel that announces a fault or an unusual process state so the operator can see which point has gone abnormal. What is Alarm Annunciator? An alarm annunciator is an audio-visual warning. A window flashes and a horn sounds when a field contact changes state. The … Read more
A power cable is sized and rated for voltage, continuous current, short-circuit current and voltage drop. Overhead lines or buried circuits can both carry the same load. Power cables are the sheathed assemblies used for power transmission and distribution. Each core is one or more individually insulated electrical conductors, usually held together with an overall … Read more
High Voltage Test (Water Immersion Test) :Type, acceptance and routine tests are the three factory groups. For the water-immersion type test, IS 1554-1 takes about 3 m of core from the finished cable or cord. The core sits in a water bath with the ends at least 200 mm above the water. General-purpose PVC uses … Read more
The annealing test measures elongation at break of annealed copper wires, aluminium welding-cable wires and solid conductors of electric power cables. A current-carrying core of a power cable is twisted and bent during laying, so the metal must stretch without cracking. IS 10810-1 pulls a marked length to fracture and IS 8130 requires that elongation … Read more
The tensile test measures breaking strength of aluminium wires used in electric power cables. IS 10810-2 pulls a specimen to fracture so the conductor grade can be checked against IS 8130. The metal must survive pulling during stranding and laying. Soft copper uses the annealing (elongation) test instead. Apparatus required for Tensile Test Method of … Read more
This test measures insulation and sheath thickness on electric power cables. IS 10810-6 is the Indian method. A power cable needs enough wall to stand the rated voltage and the pull of laying. The product standard then compares the measured average and the measured minimum with its own limits. Apparatus required to test for thickness … Read more
To measure water content in insulating oil, we use Karl Fischer Titration. In this method, water (H2O) reacts chemically with iodine (I2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), an organic base (C5H5N), and alcohol (CH3OH) in an organic solvent.The sample is mixed with sulfur dioxide, iodide ions, and an organic base/alcohol. Iodine is generated by electrolysis of the … Read more
Mobility of a charge carrier is the ratio of drift velocity to the applied electric field in a conductor. Drift velocity is set by that field and by the metal’s mobility of charge carriers. Different metals therefore have different drift speeds in the same field.In a metal the valence band is not completely filled, so … Read more