Electrical4U 
The steam turbine is a favourite prime mover in a steam power generating plants. The steam turbine may be of capacity from 5 megawatts 2000 megawatt. A steam turbine converts high-pressure steam into rotating shaft work, which a generator then turns into electricity. The advantages of a steam turbine over a diesel engine are as … Read more
What Does an Economizer Do in a Boiler A boiler economizer (also called an economizer) is a heat exchanger in the flue-gas path. It takes remaining enthalpy from gas that has already left the evaporator and puts that heat into the incoming feedwater. The steam boiler’s furnace then burns less fuel to raise the same … Read more
A Stirling Boiler is a late-nineteenth-century bent-tube water-tube boiler. New thermal power generating plants use other water-tube layouts. Alan Stirling designed his first unit in 1883 and formed the Stirling Boiler Company in 1888. Indian notes often quote about 50,000 kg of steam per hour and about 60 kgf/cm². Those figures describe the class, not … Read more
The pressure difference from a chimney includes chimney height. Enough natural draught therefore needs a taller stack, which is not always practical. In those cases the plant uses artificial draught instead of stack height alone. Artificial draught comes from fans, blowers or a steam jet. Steam-jet draught is an older method. Fan draught is the … Read more
Ampere’s Circuital Law states that a steady current produces a magnetic field whose circulation around any closed path equals the current enclosed by that path. In a linear medium, the same law says the integral of magnetic field density (B) along an imaginary closed path is equal to the product of the current enclosed by … Read more
Subtractors are combinatorial circuits that subtract two binary numbers. A half subtractor handles two one-bit values. A full subtractor also takes a borrow. Two n-bit words use an n-bit parallel subtractor. Structure of Parallel Subtractor To subtract binary number 2 from binary number 1, number 2 is written in 2’s complement form and then added … Read more
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission moves bulk electrical power as direct current through overhead lines or submarine and underground cables. Converter stations connect the DC link to alternating-current networks. HVDC is often economical for long routes and cable links because it can reduce line losses and avoid the distance limits that cable capacitance places on … Read more
The equal area criterion is a graphical energy test for first-swing power stability after a large disturbance. In a classical synchronous-machine power system model, it compares the rotor’s accelerating energy during the disturbance with the decelerating energy available after clearing. This is a direct transient stability method for one machine against an infinite bus or … Read more
What is a Power Diode? A power diode is a diode built for power electronics circuits, where it carries currents that ordinary signal diodes cannot survive. It keeps the familiar two terminals and one-way conduction, while its construction targets high-power duty. A standard semiconductor diode is the simplest such device: two layers, two terminals and … Read more
What is a Step Up Transformer? A step-up transformer is a type of transformer that converts the low voltage (LV) and high current from the primary side of the transformer to the high voltage (HV) and low current value on the secondary side of the transformer. The reverse of this is known as a step … Read more