Electrical4U 
Zinc Carbon Battery The Zinc carbon battery has been widely used for over 100 years. There are two main types: Leclanché batteries and Zinc chloride batteries. Both are primary batteries. Georges Leclanché invented this battery in 1866, introducing a less corrosive electrolyte, ammonium chloride. Before this, only strong mineral acids were used in batteries.In the … Read more
Blavier’s Test is used to find the earth fault location in an underground cable. The cable ends are called the sending end and the far end. In this test, the sending end must be open and isolated. First, measure the resistance between the sending end and the earth point with the far end isolated. Then, … Read more
What is an RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector)? A Resistance Temperature Detector (also known as a Resistance Thermometer or RTD) is an electronic device used to determine the temperature by measuring the resistance of an electrical wire. This wire is referred to as a temperature sensor. If we want to measure temperature with high accuracy, an … Read more
The working principle and construction of an Optical Pyrometer are quite simple. We have drawn an experimental model of this type of temperature sensors. It is a measuring instrument that measures temperature of a hot glowing object. The instrument uses an illuminated reference. The brightness of the hot object is matched by adjusting the electric … Read more
Principle of Tan Delta Test When a pure insulator is connected between the line and earth, it acts like a capacitor. Ideally, if the insulating material, also serving as a dielectric, is 100% pure, the electric current passing through would only have a capacitive component, with no resistive component, due to zero impurities. In a … Read more
We generate electrical power using nuclear reactions. In a nuclear power station, heavy radioactive elements like Uranium (U235) or Thorium (Th232) undergo nuclear fission. This process occurs in a special device called a reactor. What is nuclear fission? In the fission process, the nuclei of heavy radioactive atoms are broken into two nearly equal parts. … Read more
What is a Control System? A control system is defined as a system of devices that manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems to achieve a desired result. A control system achieves this through control loops, which are a process designed to maintain a process variable at a desired set … Read more
An electric lamp is defined as a component used in circuits for lighting and indicating purposes. Its simple construction includes a tungsten filament inside a transparent glass cover. The tungsten filament glows without melting when current flows through it because of its high melting point. Uses of Electric Lamps These lamps are mainly get used … Read more
An amplifier is an electronic device that uses a small electrical signal to control a larger one. The output signal can be controlled by voltage or current. An amplifier creates a larger copy of the input signal using an external DC source. Therefore, every amplifier needs an external power source. Each amplifier has a specific … Read more
History of Bipolar Junction Transistors The transistor (BJT) was not the first three-terminal device. Before transistors, vacuum tubes were used in electronics for almost 50 years. In electronics, vacuum tube triodes were used almost for half a century before the BJT’s. Thomas Edison’s light bulb, invented in the early 1880s, was an early use of … Read more